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(詳細はThirteen Colonies during the 17th and 18th centuries varied considerably. Public school systems existed only in New England, which also had a strong private and collegiate system. From the individual's viewpoint how much education a person received depended on a person's social and family status. Families did most of the educating, and boys were generally favored. Basic education in literacy and numeracy was widely available, especially to whites residing in the northern and middle colonies, and the literacy rate was relatively high in world perspective. Educational opportunities were much sparser in the rural South. ==Primary and secondary education== The Puritans valued education, both for the sake of religious study (they demanded a great deal of Bible reading) and for the sake of economic success. A 1647 Massachusetts law mandated that every town of 50 or more families support a 'petty'(elementary) school and every town of 100 or more families support a Latin, or grammar, school where a few boys could learn Latin in preparation for college and the ministry or law. In practice, virtually all New England towns made an effort to provide some schooling for their children. Both boys and girls attended the elementary schools, and there they learned to read, write, cipher, and they also learned religion. In the mid-Atlantic region, private and sectarian schools filled the same niche as the New England common schools.〔Axtell, 1974〕 The South, overwhelmingly rural, had few schools of any sort until the Revolutionary era. Wealthy children studied with private tutors; middle-class children might learn to read from literate parents or older siblings; many poor and middle-class white children, as well as virtually all black children, went unschooled. Literacy rates were significantly lower in the South than the north; this remained true until the late nineteenth century.〔Knight, 1922〕 A unique exception to this state of Southern education is the Ursuline Academy in New Orleans. This institution, founded in 1727 by the Catholic sisters of the Order of Saint Ursula, was both the oldest, continuously-operating school for girls and the oldest Catholic school in the United States. It also holds many American firsts, including the first female pharmacist, first woman to contribute a book of literary merit, first convent, first free school and first retreat center for ladies, and first classes for female African-American slaves, free women of color, and Native Americans.〔Clark Robenstine, "French Colonial Policy and the Education of Women and Minorities: Louisiana in the Early Eighteenth Century," ''History of Education Quarterly'' (1992) 32#2 pp. 193-211 (in JSTOR )〕 Secondary schools were rare outside major towns such as Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Charleston. Where they existed, secondary schools generally emphasized Latin grammar, rhetoric, and advanced arithmetic with the goal of preparing boys to enter college. Some secondary schools also taught practical subjects such as accounting, navigation, surveying, and modern languages. Some families sent their children to live and work with other families (often relatives or close friends) as a capstone to their education. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Education in the Thirteen Colonies」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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